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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Froms Gambit</span></h1>
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<th colspan="2" class="fn" style="background:#D18B47; color:#202122; font-size:120%; text-align:center;">Froms Gambit
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<td style="width:11%">d</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">8</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">7</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">7</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">6</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">4</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">4</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">3</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">3</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">2</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">2</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">1</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">1</td>
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<td style="width:11%">a</td>
<td style="width:11%">b</td>
<td style="width:11%">c</td>
<td style="width:11%">d</td>
<td style="width:11%">e</td>
<td style="width:11%">f</td>
<td style="width:11%">g</td>
<td style="width:11%">h</td>
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</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Züge</b></td>
<td>1. f2–f4 e7–e5
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b><a href="ECO-Schl%C3%BCssel" title="ECO-Schlüssel">ECO-Schlüssel</a></b>
</td>
<td><a href="ECO-Schl%C3%BCssel#A0" title="ECO-Schlüssel">A02</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><b>Benannt nach</b></td>
<td><a href="Martin_Severin_From" title="Martin Severin From">Severin From</a>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table><p><span style="display:none;">Vorlage:Infobox Schacheröffnung/Wartung/Neu</span>
</p><p>Die <a href="Er%C3%B6ffnung_(Schach)" title="Eröffnung (Schach)">Schacheröffnung</a> <b>Froms Gambit</b> (selten auch als <i>From-Gambit</i> bezeichnet) trägt den Namen des dänischen Schachmeisters <a href="Martin_Severin_From" title="Martin Severin From">Severin From</a> (1828–1895). Sie wird durch die Züge
</p>
<dl><dd><b>1. f2–f4 e7–e5</b></dd></dl>
<p>eingeleitet und ist eine <a href="Gambit" title="Gambit">Gambitfortsetzung</a> der <a href="Bird-Er%C3%B6ffnung" title="Bird-Eröffnung">Bird-Eröffnung</a>.
</p><p>Der Weiße kann nun mit 2. e2–e4 in das <a href="K%C3%B6nigsgambit" title="Königsgambit">Königsgambit</a> überleiten. Eigenständigen Charakter hat die Annahme des Gambitbauern mittels <b>2. f4xe5</b>.
</p><p>Nach 2. f4xe5 kann sich das Spiel wie folgt entwickeln: 2. … d7–d6 (das teilweise als <i>Neo-From</i> bezeichnete 2. … Sb8–c6 wird kaum gespielt) 3. e5xd6 Lf8xd6 4. Sg1–f3 (unteres Diagramm, notwendig wegen des drohenden Damenschachs auf h4; falls Weiß 4. Sb1–c3? spielt, setzt 4. … Dd8–h4+ 5. g2–g3 Dh4xg3+ nebst Ld6xg3 <a href="Schachmatt" title="Schachmatt">matt</a>).
</p>
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<td> </td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">8</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">8</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">7</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">7</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">6</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">6</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">5</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">5</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">4</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">4</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">3</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">3</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">2</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">2</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">1</td>
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<td class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding:0 4px;">1</td>
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<td style="width:11%">a</td><td style="width:11%">b</td>
<td style="width:11%">c</td><td style="width:11%">d</td>
<td style="width:11%">e</td><td style="width:11%">f</td>
<td style="width:11%">g</td><td style="width:11%">h</td>
<td> </td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="thumbcaption">Ausgangsstellung von Froms Gambit (Hauptvariante) nach 4. Sg1–f3</div></div></div>
<p>Die im Froms Gambit entstehenden Stellungen sind durch folgende Merkmale gekennzeichnet:
</p>
<ul><li>Weiß hat einen Mehrbauern und gute Chancen, das <a href="Zentrum_(Schach)" title="Zentrum (Schach)">Zentrum</a> zu besetzen. Zudem ist der schwarze <a href="Fl%C3%BCgel_(Schach)" title="Flügel (Schach)">Damenflügel</a> oft unterentwickelt.</li>
<li>Die Schwäche von Weiß ist die Diagonale e1–h4, die das Leitmotiv für schwarze Mattangriffe bildet. Zudem hat Schwarz einen kleinen Entwicklungsvorteil, weil er durch 3. … Lf8xd6 seine erste Figur vor dem Weißen ins Spiel bringen konnte und damit den weißen <a href="Anziehender" title="Anziehender">Anzugsvorteil</a> umgedreht hat.</li></ul>
<p>Folgende Hauptvarianten illustrieren die Möglichkeiten für Schwarz, eine <a href="Kompensation_(Schach)" title="Kompensation (Schach)">Kompensation</a> für das <a href="Bauernopfer" title="Bauernopfer">Bauernopfer</a> zu erhalten:
</p>
<ul><li>Schwarz versucht, die Schwäche der Diagonalen e1–h4 auszunutzen: 4. … g7–g5 (ein Zug von <a href="Emanuel_Lasker" title="Emanuel Lasker">Emanuel Lasker</a>)
<ul><li>5. g2–g3 g5–g4 6. Sf3–h4 Sg8–e7 7. d2–d4 Se7–g6 8. Sh4xg6 h7xg6 9. Dd1–d3 Sb8–c6 10. c2–c3, Weiß will lang rochieren, Schwarz versucht, die offene h-Linie auszunutzen.</li>
<li>5. d2–d4 g5–g4 6. Sf3–e5 Ld6xe5 7. d4xe5 Dd8xd1+ 8. Ke1xd1 Sb8–c6 9. Lc1–f4 Lc8–e6 10. e2–e3 0–0–0+ 11. Sb1–d2 Sg8–e7 12. Lf4–g5 Th8–e8 13. Lg5–f6 mit beiderseitigen Chancen.</li></ul></li>
<li>Schwarz will den Minusbauern durch einen Entwicklungsvorsprung kompensieren: 4. … Sg8–f6</li></ul>
<p>Auf Initiative <a href="Georg_Deppe" title="Georg Deppe">Georg Deppes</a> organisierte der <a href="Deutscher_Fernschachbund" title="Deutscher Fernschachbund">Deutsche Fernschachbund</a> 1961/62, 1966/68 und 1969/71 drei <a href="Thematurnier" title="Thematurnier">Thementurniere</a>, um diese Eröffnung zu <a href="Analyse_(Schach)" title="Analyse (Schach)">erforschen</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Georg Deppe: <i>Froms Gambit.</i> Schachverlag Rudi Schmaus, Heidelberg 1979.</li>
<li>Volker Hergert: <i>Neo-From – ein wehmütiger Rückblick.</i> In: <i><a href="Kaissiber" title="Kaissiber">Kaissiber</a></i>, Nr. 36, 2010, S. 15–35. (aktuelle Theorie zum ebenfalls behandelten „klassischen From“)</li>
<li>Helmut Warzecha: <i>Das Froms Gambit.</i> Schachverlag Reinhold Dreier, Mannheim 1993.</li>
<li>Eric Schiller: <i>How to play the From Gambit.</i> New York/Tokyo 2011.</li>
<li>Stefan Breuer: <i>Abgelehntes From-Gambit & From-Gambit mit vertauschten Farben.</i> Aachen 2021.</li></ul>
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Normdaten (Sachbegriff): <a href="Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4155481-4">4155481-4</a></span> </div>
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